by

1. preposition

1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) lângă, ală­turi de

2) (past: going by the house.) pe lângă, prin faţa

3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) pe

4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) de (către)

5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) prin, cu

6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) din, prin

7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) până la

8) (during the time of.) în timpul

9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) cu

10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) pe, cu

11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) la, cu

12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) de

2. adverb

1) (near: They stood by and watched.) în apropiere

2) (past: A dog ran by.) prin apropiere

3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) de o parte

•

- bygones: let bygones be bygones

- bypass 3. verb

(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) a ocoli

- by-product

- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way